— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人被診斷為高血鉀，護理師應密切監測哪項心電圖變化？
A client is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which ECG change should the nurse closely monitor?
- AProminent U waves明顯的 U 波
- BTall, peaked T waves✓ 正解高聳、尖銳的 T 波
- CFlattened P waves扁平的 P 波
- DProlonged QT intervalQT 間期延長
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血鉀（Hyperkalemia）會顯著影響心肌細胞膜電位，導致去極化過程縮短及再極化加速。心電圖（ECG）變化是監測高血鉀嚴重程度的重要指標，應優先觀察 T 波變化。若血鉀持續升高，可能進展為 QRS 波變寬、PR 間期延長，最終演變為致命的心室顫動（Ventricular fibrillation）或心跳停止。護理師需具備辨識這些心律變化並立即回報的能力。
Hyperkalemia significantly affects myocardial cell membrane potential, shortening depolarization and accelerating repolarization. ECG changes are key markers of severity—monitor T-wave changes first. If potassium continues to rise, QRS widening, PR prolongation, and ultimately ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest may occur. The nurse must recognize these arrhythmic changes and report them immediately.