— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
一位病人診斷為抗利尿激素分泌不當症候群（SIADH），護理師哪項介入措施對於預防併發症至關重要？
A client is diagnosed with SIADH. Which nursing intervention is essential to prevent complications?
- AProvide a high-sodium diet提供高鈉飲食
- BInitiate seizure precautions✓ 正解實施癲癇防護措施
- CAdminister potassium supplements給予鉀離子補充劑
- DIncrease oral fluid intake增加口服液體攝取量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
抗利尿激素分泌不當症候群（SIADH）會導致體內水分過多，進而造成稀釋性低血鈉（Dilutional Hyponatremia）。當血鈉濃度過低時，水分會進入腦細胞引起腦水腫，這是導致癲癇發作的主因。因此，對於 SIADH 病人，預防癲癇發作是核心護理目標。治療上需嚴格限制水分攝取，並監測神經學狀態以預防嚴重併發症。
SIADH causes excess water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. When sodium drops, water shifts into brain cells causing cerebral edema, which is the major cause of seizures. Therefore, seizure precautions are the core nursing goal for SIADH. Treatment involves strict fluid restriction and ongoing neurologic monitoring to prevent severe complications.