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降低風險 · EASY · MCQ

一位慢性腎臟病 (CKD) 病人的血清鉀離子濃度為 6.4 mEq/L。護理師應預期在心電圖監視器上看到什麼變化?

A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a serum potassium level of 6.4 mEq/L. Which cardiac monitor finding should the nurse anticipate?

  • AProminent P waves
    顯著的 P 波
  • BU waves and flattened T waves
    U 波和扁平的 T 波
  • CShortened PR interval
    PR 間期縮短
  • DTall, peaked T waves✓ 正解
    高大尖銳的 T 波
Explanation · 中文詳解

高血鉀(Hyperkalemia,K+ > 5.0 mEq/L)是慢性腎衰竭病人最危險的電解質異常。血鉀濃度高達 6.4 mEq/L 會影響心肌細胞的再極化過程,典型的心電圖(EKG)變化首先出現高尖的 T 波(Tall, peaked T waves)。隨著鉀離子持續升高,可能出現 QRS 增寬、P 波消失,最終演變為正弦波(Sine wave)甚至心搏停止。這是 NCLEX-RN 在 Reduction of Risk Potential 領域中的核心考點,要求護理師能將檢驗數值與潛在的心血管風險結合。護理師必須能識別這些早期變化,以便在發生致死性心律不整前通知醫療團隊並給予降鉀治療(如胰島素加葡萄糖、Kayexalate 或洗腎)。

Hyperkalemia (K+ > 5.0 mEq/L) is the most dangerous electrolyte disturbance in chronic kidney disease. A potassium level of 6.4 mEq/L affects myocardial repolarization, and the earliest classic ECG finding is tall, peaked T waves. As potassium continues to rise, the QRS widens, P waves disappear, and the rhythm can evolve into a sine wave and asystole. This is a core NCLEX-RN concept in Reduction of Risk Potential—the nurse must link the lab value to potential cardiovascular risk. Recognizing these early changes allows the team to be notified and potassium-lowering treatments (insulin with dextrose, Kayexalate, or dialysis) initiated before lethal arrhythmias occur.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國 NCLEX 非常強調護理師對 EKG 變化的獨立判讀能力;台灣臨床上對於 K+ 6.4 的病人,護理師通常會先看到檢驗值紅字通報醫師,再依醫師要求拉 12 導程 EKG,角色較偏向執行者。

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