護理師正在查閱一名因準備手術而禁食(NPO)病人的給藥紀錄(MAR)。護理師應針對哪種藥物向醫療提供者進行確認?
The nurse is reviewing the medication administration record (MAR) for a client who is NPO for a scheduled surgery. Which medication should the nurse clarify with the healthcare provider?
- AMetformin for type 2 diabetes用於第二型糖尿病的 Metformin正確答案
- BFamotidine for GERD用於胃食道逆流病的 Famotidine
- CMetoprolol for heart rate control用於控制心率的 Metoprolol
- DAmlodipine for hypertension用於高血壓的 Amlodipine
- A用於第二型糖尿病的 Metformin
手術前NPO的藥物管理是降低手術風險的關鍵。一般原則是:抗高血壓藥物(如D的鈣離子通道阻斷劑Amlodipine、C的乙型阻斷劑Metoprolol)通常建議在術前早晨配小口水服用,以避免術中血壓波動或反彈性心搏過速,乙型阻斷劑尤其不可驟然停用。H2阻斷劑(B的Famotidine)有時也會給予,以降低胃酸分泌、預防吸入性肺炎。口服降血糖藥中的A(Metformin)在NPO狀態下必須與醫師確認並停用——但理由不是低血糖:Metformin 單獨使用不刺激胰島素分泌,極少造成低血糖;真正的顧慮是乳酸中毒(lactic acidosis),禁食、脫水、術中低血壓與腎灌流下降都會提高此風險,使用含碘顯影劑的檢查時風險更高。護理師必須確認醫師是否已開立術前血糖監測與滑動式胰島素(Sliding scale insulin)以替代口服藥。
- A · 正確答案用於第二型糖尿病的 Metformin
Metformin 在病人禁食期間應停用,以預防術中低血糖。這是護理師在檢視 NPO 醫囑時必須最先挑出的安全疑慮,需確認是否改用胰島素控制。
- B用於胃食道逆流病的 Famotidine
Famotidine 這種胃壁細胞保護劑通常會被允許服用,因為它能降低胃酸濃度,減少在麻醉誘導過程中發生嘔吐及吸入性肺炎的風險。
- C用於控制心率的 Metoprolol
乙型阻斷劑在術前不應隨意停藥,否則可能引起反彈性心律過快或心肌缺氧。它是維持心臟功能穩定的重要藥物。
- D用於高血壓的 Amlodipine
鈣離子通道阻斷劑通常在術前早晨繼續服用,以維持圍術期的血壓穩定。術中血壓波動比短暫服用此藥的風險更高。
美國醫院有非常明確的「Pre-op Medication Protocols」,護理師需根據指引判斷哪些藥該給、哪些該留。台灣臨床上,藥物是否服用多由麻醉科醫師在術前訪視時交代,護理師通常依據醫囑執行,較少主動針對個別口服藥提出質疑,但 NCLEX 考題要求護理師具備獨立判斷藥物風險的能力。
English explanation
Management of preoperative medications during NPO status is critical to reducing surgical risk. As a general rule, antihypertensive agents (such as the calcium channel blocker Amlodipine or the beta-blocker Metoprolol) are usually given on the morning of surgery with a small sip of water to prevent intraoperative blood pressure surges or arrhythmias. H2 blockers (such as Famotidine) may also be given to reduce gastric acid secretion and prevent aspiration pneumonia. However, oral hypoglycemic agents such as Metformin must be held during NPO status, because the client is not eating and continuing the medication carries a serious risk of hypoglycemia. In addition, Metformin can precipitate lactic acidosis when iodinated contrast is administered during imaging. The nurse must confirm whether the physician has ordered preoperative blood glucose monitoring and a sliding-scale insulin regimen to replace the oral medication.
最近修訂:2026-10-10