Nurslix
— 降低風險 · MCQ —

病人預計進行含顯影劑的電腦斷層 (CT) 掃描。護理師應優先向醫療團隊回報哪項評估發現?

A client is scheduled for a computed tomography (CT) scan with intravenous contrast. Which assessment finding is the most critical for the nurse to report to the healthcare provider?

  • AAllergy to strawberries對草莓過敏
  • BSerum creatinine 2.8 mg/dL血清肌酸酐 2.8 mg/dL正確答案
  • CHistory of claustrophobia有幽閉恐懼症病史
  • DBlood pressure 150/90 mmHg血壓 150/90 mmHg
— Answer · 正確答案 —
  • B血清肌酸酐 2.8 mg/dL
— Why · 為什麼是這個答案 —

含碘顯影劑具有高度的腎毒性,主要經由腎臟排泄。肌酸酐 (Creatinine) 是評估腎功能最直接的指標,正常值約為 0.6-1.2 mg/dL。當肌酸酐達到 2.8 mg/dL 時,顯示病人存在顯著的腎功能不全(CKD 或急性損傷),此時使用顯影劑極可能誘發顯影劑腎病變 (Contrast-Induced Nephropathy, CIN),導致急性腎衰竭。因此,這是安全上的最優先考量。雖然幽閉恐懼症(C)需要處理(可能需鎮靜),血壓高(D)需要監測,但都沒有腎衰竭的風險那麼急迫且具有不可逆性。過往認為貝類過敏(與碘相關)重要,但目前的實證醫學更強調腎功能監測與顯影劑過敏史。護理師在術前準備中扮演著風險攔截者的角色。

— Options · 其他選項為什麼不對 —
  • A對草莓過敏

    草莓過敏與碘顯影劑並無交叉反應。雖然護理師會記錄所有過敏史,但此項發現不會導致檢查被取消或更改流程。

  • B · 正確答案血清肌酸酐 2.8 mg/dL

    肌酸酐 2.8 顯示腎功能受損嚴重。顯影劑會加重腎臟負擔,可能導致永久性腎功能喪失,是檢查前必須攔截的最危險因子。

  • C有幽閉恐懼症病史

    幽閉恐懼症會影響檢查的配合度,可能需要鎮靜藥物,但這屬於舒適與流程問題,不具備生命威脅或器官損害的急迫性。

  • D血壓 150/90 mmHg

    150/90 mmHg 雖屬高血壓,但在進行 CT 檢查前並非禁忌症,也不會因為顯影劑而造成立即的血壓相關危險。

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國護理實務強調術前清單 (Checklist) 的獨立執行力,護理師若發現肌酸酐異常有權利直接延後檢查並通知放射科;台灣則多由放射科櫃檯先審核數據,若護理師未發現,通常在傳送至放射科後才會被攔截。實際要求可能受聯邦法、州法、州護理委員會規則與機構政策影響;本題依題幹所示護理原則作答。

English explanation

Iodinated contrast media are highly nephrotoxic and are primarily excreted by the kidneys. Creatinine is the most direct indicator of renal function, with a normal range of approximately 0.6–1.2 mg/dL. A creatinine of 2.8 mg/dL indicates significant renal insufficiency (CKD or acute injury); using contrast in this setting may readily induce contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and result in acute renal failure. Therefore, this is the top safety priority. Although claustrophobia (C) needs to be addressed (possibly with sedation), and high blood pressure (D) requires monitoring, neither is as urgent or as irreversible as the risk of renal failure. Although shellfish allergy (related to iodine) was once considered important, current evidence-based medicine emphasizes renal-function monitoring and a history of contrast allergy. In preoperative preparation, the nurse plays the role of risk gatekeeper.

最近修訂:2026-09-30

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