護理師正在照顧一位嚴重腹瀉的病人。下列哪種電解質不平衡最可能發生？
A nurse is caring for a client with severe diarrhea. Which electrolyte imbalance is the most likely to occur?
- AHypercalcemia高血鈣
- BHyponatremia低血鈉
- CHyperkalemia高血鉀
- DHypokalemia✓ 正解低血鉀
嚴重腹瀉時，腸道內分泌物大量流失，其中含有高濃度的鉀離子與碳酸氫根離子。鉀離子隨糞便排出體外，若流失過多，會導致低血鉀（Hypokalemia）。低血鉀的臨床表現包括肌肉無力、腸蠕動減少（腹脹），以及心電圖變化（如 U 波出現），嚴重時會危及生命。護理師應密切監測病人的電解質數值，並預期醫師會開立鉀離子補充劑。
During severe diarrhea, large volumes of intestinal secretions are lost; these contain high concentrations of potassium and bicarbonate ions. As potassium is excreted in the stool, excessive loss leads to hypokalemia. Clinical manifestations of hypokalemia include muscle weakness, decreased bowel motility (abdominal distention), and ECG changes (such as the appearance of U waves), and severe cases can be life-threatening. The nurse should closely monitor the patient's electrolyte values and anticipate that the physician will order potassium supplementation.