護理師準備教導一群孕婦關於哺餵母乳的好處。護理師應包含哪些優點？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to teach a group of pregnant women about the benefits of breastfeeding. Which advantages should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AReduced risk of infant ear infections✓ 正解降低嬰兒耳部感染風險
- BFaster uterine involution for the mother✓ 正解促進母親子宮更快復舊
- CDecreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer for the mother✓ 正解降低母親罹患乳癌和卵巢癌風險
- DInfants gain weight faster than formula-fed infants嬰兒體重增加速度快於配方奶餵養之嬰兒
- EProvides passive immunity to the infant✓ 正解提供嬰兒被動免疫
本題考察護理師對於哺餵母乳好處的知識，這對於孕婦的產前衛教至關重要。母乳被譽為嬰兒最理想的食物，世界衛生組織（WHO）和美國兒科學會（AAP）均強烈建議純母乳哺餵至少 6 個月。護理師在衛教時，應能全面闡述母乳對嬰兒和母親的益處，以鼓勵和支持母乳哺餵。 正確答案 A、B、C、E 均為哺餵母乳的顯著優點。母乳含有抗體和免疫因子，能提供嬰兒被動免疫，降低感染風險；哺乳時釋放的催產素有助於子宮收縮，促進母親產後恢復；長期哺乳還能降低母親罹患乳癌和卵巢癌的風險。這些都是母乳哺餵的關鍵益處。 錯誤選項 D 則是一個常見的迷思。母乳餵養的嬰兒體重增長通常是穩定且符合生理需求的，而配方奶餵養的嬰兒有時可能因過度餵養而體重增長較快，但這並非健康的優勢。護理師應澄清此點，避免家長產生不必要的比較或焦慮。
This item tests the nurse's knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding, which is essential for prenatal education. Breast milk is regarded as the ideal infant food; the WHO and AAP strongly recommend exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first 6 months. Options A, B, C, and E are well-established benefits: breast milk contains antibodies and immune factors that provide passive immunity and reduce infections (including otitis media); oxytocin released during breastfeeding promotes uterine contraction and postpartum recovery; and prolonged breastfeeding lowers maternal breast and ovarian cancer risk. Option D is a common misconception—formula-fed infants may gain weight faster, but this is not a health advantage; breastfed infants' weight gain is steadier and physiologically appropriate.
台美兩地對於哺餵母乳的推廣和衛教原則是高度一致的。兩地都遵循世界衛生組織（WHO）和美國兒科學會（AAP）的建議，強調純母乳哺餵對嬰兒和母親的諸多益處。護理師在產前、產後及出院後的衛教中，都會積極向孕產婦解釋母乳的營養價值、免疫保護作用、對母親身體恢復的幫助以及降低長期疾病風險等優點。兩地在母嬰親善政策的推動上也存在相似的目標，以提升母乳哺餵率。因此，在臨床實踐上沒有顯著差異。