一位憂鬱症病人住院，護理師注意到病人已 3 天沒洗澡。護理師的最佳做法為何？
A client is admitted to the hospital for depression. The nurse notes the client has not bathed for 3 days. What is the best approach by the nurse?
- ATell the client they must bathe or they will get an infection.告訴病人他們必須洗澡，否則會感染。
- BOffer a structured choice: 'Would you like to bathe now or in 30 minutes?'✓ 正解提供結構性選擇：『您想現在洗澡還是 30 分鐘後洗？』
- CHave the nursing assistant bathe the client without asking.未經詢問，讓護理助理為病人洗澡。
- DWait until the client feels motivated to bathe.等到病人有洗澡的動機為止。
憂鬱症病人常因情緒低落、活動力減退和缺乏動力而忽略個人衛生。護理師在照護這些病人時，應採取支持性和鼓勵性的策略，以促進其自理能力，同時尊重其自主權。直接命令或完全放任都不是最佳做法。提供有限的選擇（structured choice）是一種有效的治療性溝通技巧，它能讓病人感到自己有掌控感，減少無助感，同時引導他們參與到必要的自理活動中。
Clients with depression often neglect personal hygiene because of low mood, decreased energy, and lack of motivation. Nurses should use supportive, encouraging strategies that promote self-care while respecting autonomy. Directive commands or complete passivity are not optimal. Offering structured choices is an effective therapeutic communication technique that gives the client a sense of control, reduces helplessness, and engages them in self-care.
在台灣和美國，護理師在協助憂鬱症病人進行個人衛生照護時，都強調尊重病人自主權並採用治療性溝通技巧。提供結構性選擇是普遍認可的有效方法。護理助理（在台灣稱為照服員或病患服務員）的職責範圍也包括協助病人進行個人衛生，但其執行前仍需護理師評估和病人的同意，以確保照護的倫理和品質。