哪項評估發現與「譫妄」而非「失智症」最相關？
Which assessment finding is most associated with Delirium rather than Dementia?
- AIrreversible cognitive decline不可逆的認知功能衰退
- BGradual onset of memory loss記憶力喪失的漸進性發作
- CIntact attention span in early stages早期階段注意力持續時間完整
- DAcute change in level of consciousness✓ 正解意識水平的急性改變
譫妄（Delirium）和失智症（Dementia）是老年病人常見的認知功能障礙，但兩者在病程、特徵和可逆性上存在顯著差異。譫妄是一種急性發作、意識水平波動且通常可逆的認知障礙，常由潛在的身體疾病引起，被視為一種醫療緊急情況。相對而言，失智症則是緩慢、漸進發作且通常不可逆的慢性認知功能下降。護理師必須能精確區分兩者，因為正確的鑑別診斷直接影響治療方針和預後。
Delirium and dementia are both common cognitive disorders in older adults, but they differ significantly in onset, features, and reversibility. Delirium is an acute-onset, fluctuating, and usually reversible disturbance of consciousness, often triggered by an underlying medical illness and considered a medical emergency. Dementia is a chronic, gradual, and usually irreversible cognitive decline. Acute change in level of consciousness is the hallmark distinguishing feature of delirium.
譫妄和失智症的臨床定義、診斷標準和鑑別診斷原則在國際上是普遍一致的。護理師在兩地都需要具備這方面的專業知識，以便早期識別譫妄並協助尋找潛在病因，因為譫妄常是潛在身體疾病（如感染、電解質不平衡、藥物副作用）的警訊。