護理師準備為腹部傷口病人進行無菌換藥，下列哪些行為符合無菌技術？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change on a client with an abdominal incision. Which actions demonstrate proper sterile technique? (Select all that apply.)
- AOpening the sterile package away from the body✓ 正解遠離身體開啟無菌包
- BKeeping sterile items above the waist level✓ 正解將無菌物品保持在腰部以上
- CTouching the inner edge of the sterile drape with gloved hands戴手套觸碰無菌單的內緣
- DHolding the sterile tray near the edge of the table將無菌托盤靠近桌邊放置
- EPouring solution into the container from a 6-inch height✓ 正解從6英吋高度將溶液倒入容器
無菌技術核心為維持無菌區域的邊界。包裝需背向身體打開避免污染，物品保持在腰部以上，溶液倒入時不可觸碰容器且維持高度以避免飛濺。邊緣 2.5 公分（1 英寸）內視為污染區域，觸摸該處則無菌手套已污染。托盤需置於桌子中央而非邊緣，防止誤觸。
The core of sterile technique is to maintain the boundaries of the sterile field. Packages should be opened away from the body to prevent contamination; items must remain above the waist; and when pouring solutions, the container must not be touched and must be held at a height that prevents splashing. The 2.5 cm (1 inch) edge of the field is considered contaminated; touching this area contaminates the sterile glove. The tray should be placed in the center of the table rather than at the edge to prevent accidental contact.
台美皆依循 CDC 無菌原則。美國護理教學強調這類技術的檢查清單（checklist），台灣則多仰賴臨床資深人員帶教。