一位 25 歲女性因小便疼痛、頻尿與骨盆不適至門診就診。護理師預期尿液分析（UA）會出現哪項符合泌尿道感染（UTI）的結果？
A 25-year-old female presents to the walk-in clinic with dysuria, urinary frequency, and pelvic discomfort. Which urinalysis findings would the nurse expect to support a diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
- ASpecific gravity that is normal or low.正常或偏低的比重的尿液。
- BUrine with neon-green coloration.呈現螢光綠色的尿液。
- CIncreased glucose and ketones.葡萄糖與酮體增加。
- DElevated nitrites and leukocyte esterase.✓ 正解亞硝酸鹽與白血球酯酶升高。
UTI（特別是膀胱炎）的尿液分析典型表現：D. 「Nitrites」與「Leukocyte esterase」陽性是 UTI 的重要指標——大腸桿菌等革蘭氏陰性菌可將尿中硝酸鹽轉為亞硝酸鹽（nitrites）；白血球酯酶反映白血球聚集對抗感染。其他選項：A. 尿比重正常或偏低非 UTI 特異性表現；B. 螢光綠尿色多與 propofol 等藥物或膽紅素相關，與 UTI 無關；D. 尿糖與酮體升高見於糖尿病或飢餓，非 UTI 指標。
Elevated nitrites and leukocyte esterase are key urinalysis indicators supporting a diagnosis of a urinary tract infection. Nitrites result from bacterial conversion of nitrates, while leukocyte esterase reflects the presence of white blood cells fighting the infection. Other findings like specific gravity changes or glucose presence are not specific markers for UTIs.
世界級驗尿兩大防線：「Nitrites (亞硝酸鹽即細菌大便) + Leukocyte esterase (白血球酯酶即白血球屍體) = 100% 泌尿道感染 (UTI) 」。這個化驗鐵證也是各大急診醫師與護理師判斷給不給抗生素之依據。