護理師準備輸血，哪些安全措施是必要的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer blood products. Which actions are essential for safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the blood type and cross-match with another nurse✓ 正解與另一位護理師共同核對血型與交叉配血
- BCheck the client's vital signs before starting the transfusion✓ 正解在開始輸血前檢查病人的生命徵象
- CUse a filter specifically for blood products✓ 正解使用專用於血液製品的過濾器
- DFlush the IV line with dextrose 5% in water (D5W)以5%葡萄糖注射液 (D5W) 沖洗靜脈通路
- EStart the transfusion rapidly to prevent bacterial growth快速開始輸血以防止細菌生長
輸血安全核心為「雙人核對」。必須核對血型、交叉試驗、病人識別。輸血前需紀錄基線 V/S。必須使用專用過濾器防止血塊進入。D 選項錯誤：只能使用生理食鹽水（NS）沖洗，D5W 會導致紅血球溶血；E 選項錯誤：輸血需依規定流速，太快會導致液體負荷。
The cornerstone of transfusion safety is the 'two-nurse verification' process. Blood type, cross-match, and patient identification must all be confirmed. Baseline vital signs must be recorded prior to transfusion. A blood-specific filter must be used to prevent clots from entering the circulation. Option D is incorrect: only normal saline (NS) may be used to prime or flush the line, as D5W can cause hemolysis of red blood cells. Option E is incorrect: transfusions must be administered at the prescribed rate; infusing too rapidly may lead to fluid overload.
美台輸血安全流程高度一致，皆要求兩位專業人員簽名確認。台灣護理師常需更頻繁地在輸血後的 15 分鐘內監測生命徵象。