病人預計進行心導管檢查。術前評估時，護理師發現知情同意書已簽署，但病人說：「我其實不太確定為什麼他們要進入我的心臟。」護理師應採取哪項行動？
A client is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. During the pre-procedure assessment, the nurse discovers the informed consent form is signed, but the client states, 'I'm not really sure why they need to go into my heart.' Which action should the nurse take?
- ADocument that the client has questions but has signed the form記錄病人有疑問，但已簽署表格
- BExplain the procedure steps and purpose to the client向病人說明程序步驟與目的
- CNotify the physician that the client needs further explanation✓ 正解通知醫師，病人需要進一步說明
- DProceed with the procedure preparation as the form is already signed由於表格已簽署，繼續進行程序準備
在法律與倫理上，知情同意（Informed Consent）的職責主要屬於執行該處置的人（通常是醫師）。護理師的角色是「見證者」並負責「確認病人是否真正理解」。儘管紙本同意書已簽署，若病人表達出不理解或疑慮，則該同意在法律上是無效的（invalid）。護理師不應自行深入解釋手術風險與機轉（這超越護理職責），而應立即通知醫師回病房再次向病人說明。這題考驗的是對專業執業範圍（Scope of Practice）的精準掌握，避免越權解釋高風險處置。
Legally and ethically, obtaining informed consent is the responsibility of the provider performing the procedure (usually the physician). The nurse's role is to witness the signature and verify that the client truly understands. Even if the form is signed, expressed lack of understanding renders the consent legally invalid. The nurse should not explain procedural risks or mechanisms (this exceeds the nursing scope) but must promptly notify the physician to return and re-explain. This question tests precise understanding of the nursing scope of practice and avoiding overreach in explaining high-risk procedures.
美國法規對於 Informed Consent 的護理責任要求極嚴，護理師若發現病人不解卻仍送入手術室，需負法律責任。台灣臨床護理師常會代為解釋更多細節，但在考題邏輯中，必須選醫師重新說明。