病人接受輸血時抱怨皮膚發癢並出現蕁麻疹，護理師應採取的優先行動為何？
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving blood transfusion. The client reports itching and develops hives. What is the priority action?
- AStop the transfusion immediately✓ 正解立即停止輸血
- BSlow the infusion rate減慢輸注速率
- CObtain vital signs測量生命徵象
- DAdminister the prescribed antihistamine給予處方抗組織胺
輸血反應（Transfusion reaction）的處理原則是「立即停止輸注（Stop the transfusion）」。皮膚發癢與蕁麻疹屬於過敏反應，繼續輸注會導致更多的過敏原進入體內，進而引發更嚴重的過敏性休克（Anaphylaxis）。停止輸注後，應立即更換輸血管路（用生理食鹽水維持靜脈通路），並通知醫師與監測生命徵象。
The principle for managing a transfusion reaction is to stop the transfusion immediately. Pruritus and hives are allergic responses; continuing the transfusion delivers more allergen and may escalate to anaphylactic shock. After stopping the transfusion, the nurse should change the blood tubing (using normal saline through a new line to keep the vein open), notify the provider, and monitor vital signs.
在美國，輸血反應發生時，必須立即保留整袋血液及管路，送回血庫（Blood Bank）進行檢測，以釐清是否為輸血錯誤或過敏原問題，這在臨床 SOP 中極為嚴格。