護理師教導個案體重管理。哪些代謝健康重點應被包含？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a patient about weight management. Which points regarding metabolic health should be addressed? (Select all that apply.)
- AGradual weight loss is more sustainable✓ 正解漸進式減重較為持久
- BStrength training helps increase resting metabolic rate✓ 正解阻力訓練有助於提升基礎代謝率
- CHigh-sugar drinks should be replaced with water✓ 正解含糖飲料應替換為水
- DSleep quality impacts weight regulation hormones✓ 正解睡眠品質會影響體重調節荷爾蒙
- EStrictly limiting all caloric intake to under 800 kcal嚴格限制所有熱量攝取至 800 kcal 以下
健康體重管理的核心在於建立長期可持續的生活型態，而非單純追求短期數字下降。代謝健康受到熱量攝取、營養組成、身體活動及內分泌調節（如睡眠與壓力荷爾蒙）的綜合影響。極端飲食法雖能快速減重，但常伴隨肌肉流失與基礎代謝率下降，導致復胖率極高。護理師應引導病人採取均衡飲食與規律運動，並強調睡眠品質對食慾荷爾蒙（如飢餓素 Ghrelin 與瘦體素 Leptin）的關鍵調節作用。
Healthy weight management focuses on building a sustainable lifestyle rather than chasing short-term losses. Metabolic health depends on caloric intake, nutritional quality, physical activity, and endocrine regulation (e.g., sleep and stress hormones). Extreme dieting may produce rapid loss but typically reduces muscle mass and basal metabolic rate, leading to rebound. Nurses should guide clients toward balanced eating, regular exercise, and emphasize the role of sleep quality on appetite hormones (ghrelin and leptin).