護理師在高重症單位工作並辨識出一項安全風險，下列何者屬於需要填寫「異常事件報告（Incident Report）」的情況？
A nurse is working in a high-acuity unit and identifies a potential safety risk. Which of the following is an example of an 'incident' that requires an incident report?
- AA nurse discovers a medication error before it reaches the client護理師在藥物到達病人前發現給藥錯誤
- BA client refuses to take their prescribed medication病人拒絕服用處方藥物
- CA visitor slips on a wet floor in the hallway✓ 正解訪客在走廊滑倒在潮濕地板上
- DA client experiences a known side effect of a drug病人經歷藥物的已知副作用
異常事件報告的目的在於記錄任何非預期的事件，例如訪客滑倒，即便無明顯外傷，亦需留下書面記錄以釐清責任與改善環境安全。選項 A 雖為醫療差錯（Near Miss），但在許多機構中，只要涉及程序違反，亦會要求報告，但選項 C 是最典型的非醫療人員意外事件。
The purpose of an incident report is to document any unexpected event—for example, a visitor slipping, even without obvious injury, must be documented to clarify responsibility and improve environmental safety. Option A (a near-miss medication error) is often reportable for process improvement in many facilities, but option C is the most typical accidental incident involving a non-staff individual.
美國醫院特別強調「非懲罰性」文化，Incident Report 旨在分析系統問題；台灣醫院則常將其與考績掛鉤，導致護理師較不願意主動填寫。