護理師收到藥物醫囑，但病人對該藥過敏。優先護理行動為何？
A nurse receives an order for a medication that the client is allergic to. What is the priority nursing action?
- ADocument the allergy in the chart only僅在病歷中記錄過敏史
- BAdminister half the dose給予半劑量
- CCall the pharmacy to ask for advice致電藥局尋求建議
- DWithhold the medication and notify the provider✓ 正解暫停給藥並通知醫師
護理師的核心職責之一是確保用藥安全（Medication Safety）。當醫囑與病人的過敏史（Allergy history）衝突時，護理師必須執行「拒絕執行不安全醫囑」的專業判斷。此時，優先行動是保護病人免受潛在致命的過敏反應（如過敏性休克），因此必須立即扣留該藥物並聯繫開立醫囑的醫師，以確認是否有誤或需更換替代藥物。這體現了「安全第一」的護理倫理與法律責任。
A core nursing responsibility is medication safety. When an order conflicts with the client's documented allergy, the nurse must refuse to execute an unsafe order. The priority is to protect the client from a potentially fatal allergic reaction, so the nurse withholds the medication and notifies the prescribing provider for clarification or substitution. This reflects the nurse's ethical and legal duty to patient safety.
在美國臨床環境中，護理師對醫囑的質疑權（Right to question orders）被高度重視。若護理師發現醫囑錯誤並執行，護理師與醫師將共同承擔法律責任。與台灣相比，美國護理師更傾向直接挑戰醫囑並記錄於護理紀錄（Nursing Notes），而非僅是口頭詢問。