護理師規劃照護計畫以預防皮膚損傷，應包含哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning care for a client who has a risk for skin breakdown. Which interventions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AReposition the client every 2 hours✓ 正解每2小時為病人翻身
- BKeep the skin clean and dry✓ 正解保持皮膚清潔乾燥
- CMassage bony prominences regularly定期按摩骨突處
- DUse a pressure-relieving mattress✓ 正解使用減壓床墊
- EApply powder to intertriginous areas在皮膚褶皺處塗抹滑石粉
預防壓力性損傷（Pressure injury）的核心在於減少持續性壓力（Pressure）與剪力（Shear）。每 2 小時翻身一次可分散壓力，保持皮膚清潔乾燥可防止浸潤，使用減壓床墊則能有效降低局部壓力值。臨床上，按摩骨突處已被證實會造成皮下微血管損傷，反而增加壓瘡風險，因此應絕對避免。爽身粉的使用在現代護理中並不推薦，因其吸濕後會結塊，刺激皮膚且易造成毛孔阻塞。
Pressure injury prevention focuses on reducing sustained pressure and shear. Repositioning every 2 hours redistributes pressure; keeping the skin clean and dry prevents maceration; and pressure-relieving mattresses reduce local pressure. Massaging bony prominences has been shown to damage underlying capillaries and increases pressure injury risk and must be avoided. Powder is no longer recommended because it clumps when moist, irritates skin, and can clog pores.