— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師協助病人進行腰椎穿刺，哪項護理措施能確保操作過程中的安全？
A nurse is preparing a client for a lumbar puncture. Which nursing action ensures the safety of the client during the procedure?
- AAdminister prophylactic antibiotics給予預防性抗生素
- BKeep the client NPO for 12 hours prior術前禁食 12 小時
- CAssist the client into a prone position協助病人採取俯臥姿勢
- DInstruct the client to remain still in a fetal position✓ 正解指示病人在胎兒姿勢下保持不動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
腰椎穿刺需維持屈曲的胎兒姿勢（fetal position），以增加脊椎間隙空間，降低穿刺困難度與併發症風險。過程中嚴禁病人移動，以免損傷脊髓或神經。俯臥位不適用於此操作，術前禁食並非必要條件，抗生素則需視臨床指引決定。
Lumbar puncture requires the flexed fetal position to widen the intervertebral spaces and reduce the difficulty of needle insertion and the risk of complications. The patient must not move during the procedure to avoid spinal cord or nerve injury. The prone position is not used for this procedure, preoperative fasting is not required, and antibiotic administration depends on clinical guidelines.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院對腰椎穿刺後的平臥要求通常較嚴謹，以預防腦脊髓液外滲引起的頭痛。