一位 25 歲女性因劇烈頭痛與頸部僵硬，疑似細菌性腦膜炎而排定急件腰椎穿刺。護理師應給予哪些術前與術後指示？（多選題）
A 25-year-old female with severe headache and nuchal rigidity is scheduled for a stat lumbar puncture for suspected bacterial meningitis. Which pre- and post-procedure instructions should the nurse give? (Select all that apply.)
- AEmpty your bladder before the procedure begins.✓ 正解在開始程序前排空膀胱。
- BI will help position you on your side with knees pulled up to your chest and chin tucked (fetal position).✓ 正解我會協助您採側臥姿勢，雙膝彎曲靠近胸部，下巴內收（胎兒姿勢）。
- CImmediately after the needle is removed, get up and walk in the hallway to recirculate spinal fluid.針頭拔出後立即起身，在走廊行走以促進腦脊髓液循環。
- DAfter the procedure, lie flat on your back for several hours to prevent a post-LP headache.✓ 正解術後平躺數小時，以預防腰椎穿刺後頭痛。
- EDon't worry about moving—you will be under general anesthesia.別擔心移動問題——您將接受全身麻醉。
腰椎穿刺（LP）護理： 選項 A 正確：術前排空膀胱以利舒適與避免意外失禁。 選項 B 正確：胎兒位（側躺、膝胸貼合、下巴內收）能最大化撐開椎間隙便於穿刺。 選項 D 正確：術後平躺數小時可降低 CSF 滲漏導致的姿勢性頭痛（post-LP headache）。 選項 C 錯誤：術後立即起身走動會增加 CSF 滲漏與頭痛。 選項 E 錯誤：LP 多用局部麻醉而非全身麻醉，病人需保持靜止配合。
Lumbar puncture nursing care: A correct: Empty bladder pre-procedure for comfort and to avoid incontinence. B correct: Fetal position (lateral, knees to chest, chin tucked) maximally opens the intervertebral spaces for needle access. D correct: Lying flat post-procedure reduces CSF leak and post-LP headache. C incorrect: Walking immediately post-LP increases CSF leak and headache. E incorrect: LP uses local anesthesia, not general; patient must remain still.
「腰椎穿刺(Lumbar puncture/Spinal tap)的三步曲：尿尿(Empty bladder)打針前、像蝦米捲起(Fetal positions)打針中、完全平躺去去枕頭防頭痛(Lie flat)打針後」。這三位一體的考點在各國病房是護理常規，不會有差異。