— 降低風險 · EASY · MCQ —
病人診斷為高血鉀症。護理師預期使用何種藥物來穩定心肌細胞膜？
A client is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer to stabilize the cardiac membrane?
- ASodium bicarbonate碳酸氫鈉（Sodium bicarbonate）
- BRegular insulin常規胰島素（Regular insulin）
- CCalcium gluconate✓ 正解葡萄糖酸鈣（Calcium gluconate）
- DSodium polystyrene sulfonate聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（Sodium polystyrene sulfonate）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血鉀可能引發嚴重致死性心律不整。葡萄糖酸鈣（Calcium gluconate）無法降低血鉀，但能提高心肌細胞膜的去極化閾值，防止心律不整。胰島素與碳酸氫鈉則是透過將鉀離子移入細胞內來降低血中濃度。
Calcium gluconate is administered to stabilize the cardiac membrane and prevent fatal dysrhythmias caused by hyperkalemia, although it does not lower serum potassium levels. Other agents like regular insulin and sodium bicarbonate work by shifting potassium into cells, while sodium polystyrene sulfonate facilitates its removal from the body.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地急診處置高血鉀原則一致，均以鈣劑為保護心肌首選，並迅速啟動降鉀處置。