護理師準備將一名執行空氣傳播防護的病人送往放射科照胸部 X 光。合適的行動為何？
The nurse is preparing to transport a client on airborne precautions to the radiology department for a chest X-ray. What is the appropriate action?
- AThe nurse must wear a gown and gloves during the entire transport護理師在整個運送過程中必須穿著隔離衣和手套
- BThe client must wear a surgical mask during transport✓ 正解病人在運送期間必須佩戴外科口罩
- CThe radiology staff must wear N95 respirators, but the client wears nothing放射科人員必須佩戴 N95 呼吸器，但病人不需佩戴
- DThe client must wear an N95 respirator during transport病人在運送期間必須佩戴 N95 呼吸器
核心概念是空氣傳播防護（Airborne precautions）下的病人運送安全原則。對於患有肺結核（TB）或麻疹等需空氣隔離的病人，理想情況是留在負壓病房內。若必須外出檢查，控制感染的關鍵在於「源頭控制（Source control）」。病人配戴外科口罩（Surgical mask）能有效過濾其呼出的呼吸道分泌物與大顆粒飛沫，從而防止病原體進入公共區域。醫療人員在病房內需戴 N95，但在運送過程中，只要病人有戴口罩且路徑不擁擠，工作人員通常不需在走廊配戴 N95。
This question addresses safe transport of a client on airborne precautions. Ideally these clients (e.g., TB, measles) remain in a negative-pressure room. When transport is necessary, source control is the key infection-control strategy. Having the client wear a surgical mask effectively filters respiratory secretions and large droplets, preventing pathogens from reaching public areas. Staff wear N95 inside the room, but during transport, if the client is masked and the route is not crowded, staff usually do not need to wear N95 in the hallway.
在美國，病人運送（Patient transport）的感控指引非常嚴格。台灣臨床有時會讓病人在運送時也戴 N95，但 NCLEX 考試必須選「Surgical mask」，因為這是 CDC 指引中的標準答案，強調病人端只需做到源頭控制。