護理師正在照護一位肺結核 (TB) 病人。這類病人必須執行哪種隔離預防措施？
A nurse is caring for a client with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Which type of isolation precaution is mandatory for this client?
- AAirborne precautions✓ 正解空氣傳播隔離
- BContact precautions接觸隔離
- CProtective isolation保護性隔離
- DDroplet precautions飛沫隔離
肺結核是由小於 5 微米的微粒傳播，可長時間懸浮在空氣中，因此需要空氣隔離預防措施（Airborne Precautions）。這包括將病人安置在負壓病房，且所有進入病房的人員必須配戴 N95 口罩。接觸隔離用於腸道感染，飛沫隔離用於流感或百日咳。
Pulmonary tuberculosis is transmitted by particles smaller than 5 microns that can remain suspended in the air for prolonged periods; therefore, airborne precautions are required. This includes placing the client in a negative-pressure room, and all personnel entering the room must wear an N95 respirator. Contact precautions are used for enteric infections, and droplet precautions are used for illnesses such as influenza or pertussis.
美台對 TB 均採空氣隔離。NCLEX 考試重點常在於 N95 口罩的密合度測試 (Fit test) 以及負壓房的要求。