護理師照護一名診斷為困難梭狀芽孢桿菌（C. difficile）感染的病人，應採取哪種隔離防護措施？

困難梭狀芽孢桿菌（Clostridium difficile, C. diff）是一種常見於醫療機構的病原體，其孢子（spores）對環境具有高度抵抗力，且對酒精類乾洗手液不敏感，主要透過接觸傳播。 因此，照護 C. diff 感染的病人必須採取接觸隔離（Contact Precautions）。這意味著護理師進入病室前必須穿戴隔離衣（Gown）和手套（Gloves），離開病室時則必須脫除並妥善處理。此外，最關鍵的是，必須使用肥皂和水徹底洗手，因為酒精無法有效殺滅 C. diff 的孢子。 選項 A（標準隔離）不足以預防 C. diff 的傳播。選項 B（飛沫隔離）適用於透過大飛沫傳播的病原體（如流感）。選項 C（空氣隔離）適用於透過微小飛沫懸浮在空氣中傳播的病原體（如結核病）。

Clostridium difficile (C. diff) is a pathogen commonly found in healthcare settings; its spores are highly resistant to environmental conditions, are not susceptible to alcohol-based hand rubs, and are transmitted primarily by contact. Therefore, caring for a client with a C. diff infection requires contact precautions. The nurse must don a gown and gloves before entering the room and remove and properly dispose of them when leaving. Most importantly, hands must be thoroughly washed with soap and water, since alcohol cannot effectively kill C. diff spores. Option A (standard precautions alone) is insufficient to prevent transmission of C. diff. Option B (droplet precautions) is appropriate for pathogens transmitted via large droplets (such as influenza). Option C (airborne precautions) is appropriate for pathogens transmitted via small airborne droplet nuclei (such as tuberculosis).