護理師正在照護一名留置導尿管的病人。哪些措施可降低導尿管相關尿路感染（CAUTI）的風險？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with an indwelling urinary catheter. Which actions reduce the risk of a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a closed drainage system✓ 正解維持密閉式引流系統
- BKeep the drainage bag below the level of the bladder✓ 正解使引流袋低於膀胱水平
- CPerform catheter care with povidone-iodine daily每日使用聚維酮碘進行導尿管護理
- DRoutine irrigation of the catheter with normal saline常規以生理食鹽水沖洗導尿管
- EAssess the daily need for the catheter for early removal✓ 正解評估每日導尿管需求以儘早拔除
CAUTI 預防的三大支柱：維持密閉系統（A）防止細菌進入、引流袋恆低於膀胱（B）防止尿液逆流、以及儘早拔除（E）減少留置時間。C 錯誤：不建議用碘酒清洗尿道口，肥皂清水即可。D 錯誤：常規沖洗會破壞密閉性且可能將細菌推入膀胱，除非有阻塞否則不應執行。
Preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) relies on maintaining a closed drainage system to block microbial entry and keeping the collection bag below bladder level to prevent urine reflux. Additionally, assessing the daily necessity of the catheter is crucial, as prolonged duration is the strongest risk factor for infection, whereas routine irrigation or antiseptic cleaning is not recommended.
美國對 CAUTI 發生率有嚴格的醫院評鑑指標（影響給付）；台灣醫院亦列為品質監測項目，強調「早拔除」的臨床路徑。