護理師在換藥過程中，哪些行為顯示其具備無菌技術概念？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates understanding of sterile technique during a dressing change? (Select all that apply.)
- AHolding sterile items above waist level✓ 正解將無菌物品保持在腰部以上
- BTouching the edge of the sterile drape觸碰無菌單的邊緣
- CPlacing the sterile package on a clean, dry surface✓ 正解將無菌包裝放置在乾淨乾燥的表面上
- DKeeping the sterile field within visual range✓ 正解將無菌區域保持在視線範圍內
- EUsing a sterile forceps to reach across the field使用無菌鑷子跨越無菌區
無菌技術（Sterile technique）的目的在於預防感染。關鍵原則包括：物品高於腰部視為無菌、無菌區需隨時在視線範圍內（以免轉身後觸碰）、無菌包裝應放置於乾燥平面（防止毛細污染）。觸碰無菌區邊緣即視為污染，應避免。護理師應隨時保持警覺，若無菌狀態疑似被破壞，應立即更換。這些行為顯示護理師對無菌環境維護具備正確的認知與操作技巧。
The purpose of sterile technique is to prevent infection. Key principles include: items held above the waist are considered sterile, the sterile field must remain within line of sight at all times (to avoid contamination when turning), and sterile packages should be placed on a dry surface (to prevent wicking contamination). Touching the edge of the sterile field is considered contamination and must be avoided. The nurse should remain vigilant throughout the procedure and replace items immediately if sterility is suspected to have been broken. These behaviors demonstrate correct understanding and operational skill in maintaining a sterile environment.