護理師照顧一位放置胸管的病人。下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a chest tube. Which interventions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the drainage system below the level of the chest✓ 正解將引流系統保持在胸部水平以下
- BStrip or milk the chest tube every 2 hours每兩小時擠壓或擠捏胸管
- CObserve for tidaling in the water-seal chamber✓ 正解觀察水封瓶內是否有液面波動
- DClamp the chest tube when the client ambulates當病人下床活動時夾住胸管
- EEnsure the system is secured in an upright position✓ 正解確保系統固定於直立位置
胸管引流瓶必須低於胸腔，以重力引流防止倒流。水封瓶內的水面波動（tidaling）隨呼吸起伏是正常現象。引流系統需固定直立，防止瓶內液體溢出或封閉失效。剝離或擠壓管路會產生負壓造成組織傷害，除醫師醫囑外禁止進行；夾管會導致張力性氣胸，絕對禁止。
The chest drainage system must be kept below the level of the chest to allow gravity drainage and prevent reflux. Tidaling — fluctuation in the water-seal chamber with respiration — is a normal finding. The drainage system must be secured upright to prevent fluid spillage or seal failure. Stripping or milking the tubing generates negative pressure that can injure tissue and should not be performed without a provider's order; clamping the tube can cause tension pneumothorax and is absolutely contraindicated.
台灣醫院對「擠壓胸管」態度較保守；美國部分機構依據實證醫學已將此列為護理禁忌。