一位病人預計進行心導管檢查，術前哪項護理措施是必要的？
A client is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. Which nursing intervention is essential to perform prior to the procedure?
- AStart a secondary IV line建立次要靜脈輸液線
- BAdminister prophylactic antibiotics給予預防性抗生素
- CPlace the client in a semi-Fowler's position將病人置於半福勒氏體位
- DAssess for shellfish or iodine allergies✓ 正解評估是否有貝殼類或碘過敏史
心導管檢查（Cardiac catheterization）需要注入含碘顯影劑（Contrast dye）以進行影像攝影。若病人對碘或貝殼類過敏，極可能在注入過程中引發嚴重的過敏性休克（Anaphylaxis），威脅生命。護理師在術前執行護理評估時，必須優先確認過敏史，這是確保病人安全的核心步驟。其他選項如抗生素給藥、擺位或建立次要靜脈管路，皆非術前共通的必要常規或優先事項。
Assessing for allergies to shellfish or iodine is essential prior to cardiac catheterization because the contrast media used contains iodine and can trigger severe anaphylactic reactions in sensitive clients. This assessment takes precedence over other interventions such as positioning or establishing additional IV lines to ensure patient safety during the procedure.
在美國臨床環境中，放射科或心導管室對顯影劑過敏史的審核極為嚴格，通常需在術前完成過敏預防處置（如給予類固醇或抗組織胺），此流程與台灣相似，但護理師在美國需更強調主動通報醫師並記錄於電子病歷（EMR）。