護理師為高齡個案進行健康促進諮詢。下列哪項是影響健康預期的正常老化現象？
A nurse is providing health promotion counseling for an older client. Which of the following is an expected age-related change that impacts health?
- AIncreased metabolism of medications藥物代謝增加
- BIncreased production of growth hormone生長激素分泌增加
- CDecreased visual acuity✓ 正解視力敏銳度下降
- DFaster nerve conduction velocity神經傳導速度加快
老化過程伴隨多種生理機能的退化，這些變化直接影響個案的健康維持與安全性。正確答案 C 視力減退（Presbyopia）是常見的老化現象，會增加跌倒與藥物給藥錯誤的風險。其他選項 B、D、A 均與正常老化趨勢背道而馳，老化實際上會導致生長激素分泌下降、神經傳導速度變慢，以及肝腎功能衰退導致藥物代謝率下降。
Aging is accompanied by deterioration of multiple physiologic functions, and these changes directly affect the client's health maintenance and safety. Option C — decreased visual acuity (presbyopia) — is a common change with aging that increases the risk of falls and medication administration errors. Options B, D, and A are all contrary to normal aging trends; aging actually leads to decreased growth hormone secretion, slower nerve conduction velocity, and reduced hepatic and renal function with slower drug metabolism.