一位 30 歲女性個案表示計畫懷孕。護理師應建議採取哪項行動以達最佳產前健康？
A 30-year-old female client mentions she is planning to become pregnant. Which action should the nurse advise for optimal prenatal health?
- ABegin intense exercise to lose weight before conception在受孕前開始劇烈運動以減重
- BStop all vaccinations indefinitely永久停止所有疫苗接種
- CIncrease caffeine intake to boost energy增加咖啡因攝取以提升精力
- DStart taking folic acid supplements daily✓ 正解開始每日補充葉酸
懷孕前的孕前保健（Preconception care）重點在於預防先天缺陷。補充葉酸（400 mcg/day）可顯著降低胎兒神經管缺陷風險，應在懷孕前開始服用。C 錯誤：過量咖啡因與流產風險相關；A 錯誤：劇烈運動不建議；B 錯誤：有些疫苗在懷孕前接種是有益的。
The focus of preconception care is preventing congenital defects. Folic acid supplementation (400 mcg/day) significantly reduces the risk of fetal neural tube defects and should begin before pregnancy. C is incorrect: excessive caffeine is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. A is incorrect: strenuous exercise is not recommended. B is incorrect: some vaccines are beneficial when given before pregnancy.
美國醫護系統強調孕前諮詢（Preconception consultation）；台灣多於確認懷孕後才開始介入，孕前保健的觀念尚待推廣。