病人被診斷為慢性腎臟病（CKD），應建議哪些飲食調整？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which dietary adjustments should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.)
- ALimit potassium intake✓ 正解限制鉀攝取量
- BRestrict protein intake✓ 正解限制蛋白質攝取量
- CIncrease phosphorus intake增加磷攝取量
- DMonitor fluid intake✓ 正解監測水分攝取量
- EAvoid high-sodium foods✓ 正解避免高鈉食物
慢性腎臟病（CKD）導致腎臟排除代謝廢物與調節電解質的功能下降。飲食建議的核心為「節制」。限制鉀攝取是為了預防致命的高血鉀心律不整；限制蛋白質是為了減少含氮廢物（尿素氮）的堆積，減輕腎臟負擔；限制鈉則是為了控制高血壓與水腫；監測水分攝取則是為了防止液體過負荷（fluid overload）。病人需教育選擇低鉀、低鈉、適量高生物價蛋白質的飲食，並嚴格遵循醫師建議的液體限制量。
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) reduces the kidneys' ability to excrete metabolic waste and regulate electrolytes. The core of dietary recommendations is restriction. Limiting potassium intake prevents life-threatening hyperkalemic arrhythmias; restricting protein reduces the buildup of nitrogenous waste (urea) and the burden on the kidneys; limiting sodium controls hypertension and edema; and monitoring fluid intake prevents fluid overload. Clients should be taught to choose a diet low in potassium and sodium with moderate amounts of high-biological-value protein, and to follow the provider-recommended fluid restrictions strictly.