病人獲開立碳酸鋰（Lithium）。下列哪項護理介入對於預防中毒至關重要？
A client is prescribed lithium carbonate. Which nursing intervention is essential to prevent toxicity?
- AEncourage a low-fluid intake to concentrate the drug鼓勵減少水分攝取以濃縮藥物
- BEnsure adequate daily sodium intake✓ 正解確保每日充足的鈉攝取量
- CMonitor for weight loss監測體重減輕
- DAdminister the medication on an empty stomach空腹給藥
碳酸鋰（Lithium）的治療指數極窄，且與鈉離子在腎臟代謝上有競爭機制。病人若攝取過少鈉離子或水分流失（如出汗、腹瀉），腎臟會優先保留鋰鹽，導致血中鋰濃度升高而引發中毒。因此，護理師應指導病人維持穩定的鈉離子攝取與足夠水分，以保持血鋰濃度穩定。定期監測血鋰濃度也是預防中毒的關鍵，護理師應強調服藥依從性與定期回診的重要性。
Lithium carbonate has an extremely narrow therapeutic index and competes with sodium for renal reabsorption. If the client has inadequate sodium intake or loses fluid (e.g., through sweating or diarrhea), the kidneys preferentially retain lithium, raising serum lithium concentration and causing toxicity. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to maintain consistent sodium intake and adequate hydration to stabilize serum lithium levels. Regular monitoring of serum lithium concentration is also key to preventing toxicity, and the nurse should emphasize medication adherence and the importance of routine follow-up.