護理師照護一位接受全髖關節置換術後的病人。哪項措施是預防靜脈血栓栓塞（VTE）的優先重點？
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a total hip arthroplasty. Which intervention is a priority to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE)?
- AMaintain bed rest for the first 48 hours術後前 48 小時維持臥床休息
- BEncourage early and frequent ambulation as prescribed✓ 正解依處方鼓勵早期且頻繁的下床活動
- CApply warm compresses to the operative site在手術部位應用熱敷
- DRestrict intake of vitamin K-rich foods限制富含維生素 K 的食物攝取
髖關節手術後血液循環停滯風險高，早期下床活動可促進靜脈回流，降低深部靜脈栓塞的發生率。術後活動越早，併發症發生機率越低。臥床休息會增加血栓風險；溫敷不適用於術後傷口，反而可能增加腫脹；維生素 K 與抗凝血劑藥效有關，非預防血栓之首要物理措施。
After hip surgery, the risk of venous stasis is high; early ambulation promotes venous return and reduces the incidence of deep vein thrombosis. The earlier postoperative activity begins, the lower the risk of complications. Bed rest increases thrombosis risk; warm compresses are inappropriate at a surgical wound and may increase swelling; and vitamin K relates to anticoagulant efficacy and is not the primary physical measure for preventing thrombosis.
美台臨床皆視早期下床為標準作業，但美國護理師常協調物理治療師進行早期復健，台灣則多由護理人員引導病人下床。