護理師準備為病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀。哪項行動對於確保病人安全至關重要?
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client. Which action is essential to ensure client safety?
- AUse an infusion pump to deliver the dose使用輸液幫浦給藥。
- BVerify the medication is diluted確認藥物已稀釋。
- CAdminister as an intravenous bolus push作為靜脈推注(intravenous bolus push)給藥。
- DAssess the urinary output before infusion✓ 正解在輸注前評估尿液排出量。
氯化鉀(Potassium chloride, KCl)是高警訊藥物(High-alert medication)。給藥前最關鍵的安全性評估是腎功能,因為鉀離子主要經由腎臟排泄。若病人無尿或尿量過少(<30 mL/hr),輸注 KCl 極易導致高血鉀(hyperkalemia),進而引發致命性的心律不整(如心室顫動),因此在給藥前確認排尿狀況是護理師的強制性責任。
Potassium chloride (KCl) is a high-alert medication. The most critical safety assessment before administration is renal function, because potassium is excreted primarily through the kidneys. If the patient is anuric or oliguric (<30 mL/hr), infusing KCl readily produces hyperkalemia and can precipitate lethal dysrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. Confirming the patient's urine output before administration is therefore a mandatory nursing responsibility.
美國醫院對 KCl 的給藥規範極為嚴格,通常要求必須在獨立的 IV 通路中給藥,且嚴禁靜脈推注。護理師必須確認最近的血鉀實驗室數值(Electrolytes)及尿量,若無醫師醫囑或尿量不足,護理師有絕對權利拒絕執行給藥。