一位接受髖關節置換術後的病人，護理師應採取哪項優先措施以降低肺栓塞風險？
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a hip arthroplasty. Which intervention is the priority to reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism?
- AApply sequential compression devices (SCDs)使用順序加壓裝置 (SCDs)
- BAdminister prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin給予預防性低分子量肝素
- CEncourage early and frequent ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵早期且頻繁下床活動
- DPerform passive range of motion exercises執行被動關節活動度訓練
術後早期下床活動能透過肌肉收縮促進下肢靜脈回流，是預防深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）及後續肺栓塞最有效且符合生理的介入。雖然藥物與壓力裝置也很重要，但物理性運動提供的動態血流改善效果最佳。此為預防術後併發症的首要護理行動，應儘早執行。
Early postoperative ambulation promotes venous return from the lower extremities through muscular contraction and is the most effective, physiologically aligned intervention for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary embolism. Although medications and compression devices also play important roles, the dynamic improvement in blood flow produced by physical activity is the most beneficial. This is the primary nursing action for preventing postoperative complications and should be initiated as early as possible.
美國護理師常依護理評估啟動早期下床流程；台灣臨床受限於病人家屬陪病習慣及對術後疼痛的過度保護，早期下床常需醫囑嚴格執行。