— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師教導病人自行施打胰島素，應包含哪些指導內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin. Which instructions should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以預防脂肪營養不良
- BGently roll the cloudy insulin vial between palms✓ 正解在掌心間輕柔滾動混濁胰島素瓶
- CStore unopened insulin vials in the freezer將未開啟的胰島素瓶存放在冷凍庫
- DWash hands before preparing the injection✓ 正解準備注射前洗手
- EClean the injection site with an alcohol swab✓ 正解用酒精棉片清潔注射部位
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素施打衛教關鍵：部位輪替預防皮下脂肪增生；懸浮型胰島素（如 NPH）需輕柔滾動使之均勻，不可劇烈搖晃；冷凍會破壞胰島素蛋白質結構；手部清潔與酒精消毒為感染預防基本原則。不應將胰島素存放於冷凍庫，應存放於冷藏或室溫（視藥廠說明）。
Signs of increased intracranial pressure include widening pulse pressure, bradycardia, and irregular respirations, which constitute Cushing’s triad indicating brainstem compression. Additionally, ipsilateral pupillary dilation is a critical neurological sign of herniation. Tachycardia is not a typical sign of elevated ICP and is more commonly associated with shock or pain.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常提供結構化衛教單張，台灣則結合糖尿病衛教師制度，提供更深入的居家照護管理。