— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位脛骨骨折並打上新石膏的病人,下列哪些評估結果顯示有神經血管受損的跡象?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client with a new cast for a fractured tibia. Which assessment findings indicate neurovascular compromise? (Select all that apply.)
- ACapillary refill time of 5 seconds✓ 正解微血管回填時間為 5 秒
- BInability to move toes✓ 正解無法活動腳趾
- CCoolness of the extremity distal to the cast✓ 正解石膏遠端肢體冰冷
- DReports of burning pain despite analgesics✓ 正解服用止痛藥後仍主訴灼熱痛
- EPitting edema凹陷性水腫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
石膏過緊可能導致腔室症候群(Compartment Syndrome),觀察重點為 5P 徵象。微血管回填時間 >3 秒(選項 A)、肢體遠端冰冷(C)、無法活動腳趾(B)及持續劇烈疼痛(D)皆是神經血管受損的警訊。E選項凹陷性水腫主要與靜脈回流不佳或系統性水腫有關,較少直接作為腔室症候群的急性診斷標準。
Neurovascular compromise, such as compartment syndrome, is indicated by delayed capillary refill, paralysis, coolness, and pain disproportionate to the injury. These findings suggest impaired circulation or nerve function distal to the cast. Pitting edema alone is less specific for acute neurovascular emergencies.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師會強調評估 5P,台灣護理師亦同;但美國對於疼痛評估與警覺度通常較為積極,會更早主動聯繫醫師拆除石膏。