一位輸血病人出現蕁麻疹與搔癢。護理師首要行動為何？

輸血過程中出現蕁麻疹（Hives）與搔癢（Pruritus）屬於過敏性輸血反應。無論症狀輕重，護理師的首要行動永遠是「立即停止輸血」，以防止過敏反應演變成過敏性休克（Anaphylactic Shock）。隨後才更換點滴路徑（避免輸進更多過敏原）、通知醫師並準備抗過敏藥物。此優先順序是保障病人安全的核心原則。

Hives and pruritus during a blood transfusion represent an allergic transfusion reaction. Regardless of the severity of symptoms, the nurse's priority action is always to stop the transfusion immediately to prevent progression to anaphylactic shock. The nurse then changes the IV tubing (to avoid infusing additional allergen), notifies the physician, and prepares antihistamine medications. This priority sequence is a core principle of patient safety.