下列哪些措施屬於所有病人的標準防護措施？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions are considered part of standard precautions for all clients? (Select all that apply.)
- AHand hygiene after touching body fluids✓ 正解接觸體液後執行手部衛生
- BWearing gloves when touching mucous membranes✓ 正解接觸黏膜時戴手套
- CWearing a gown for all client interactions與所有病人互動時穿防護衣
- DDisposing of sharp items in a puncture-resistant container✓ 正解將銳器丟入防穿刺容器中
- EWearing a mask for every client encounter每次接觸病人時戴口罩
標準防護措施（Standard Precautions）適用於所有病人的照護，不論其診斷為何。其核心在於阻斷病原體透過血液、體液、分泌物、排泄物、非完整皮膚及黏膜的傳播。護理師應視所有病人的體液為潛在具傳染性，並透過手部衛生、個人防護裝備（PPE）的使用及尖銳物安全處理來保護自身與病人。防護衣與口罩僅於預期會接觸體液噴濺或依據傳染途徑防護（Transmission-based Precautions）時才需使用。
Standard precautions apply to the care of all clients regardless of diagnosis. Their core purpose is to block transmission of pathogens via blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes. The nurse should treat all body fluids as potentially infectious and protect both themselves and the client through hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and safe sharps handling. Gowns and masks are required only when contact with splashing body fluids is anticipated or when transmission-based precautions are indicated.