護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀。下列哪些措施對確保用藥安全至關重要？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride intravenously to a client with hypokalemia. Which of the following actions is essential to ensure safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the medication is diluted in a minimum amount of fluid✓ 正解確認藥物已稀釋於最小液體量中
- BAdminister the infusion via a peripheral IV site only僅透過周邊靜脈通路給予輸注
- CUse an infusion pump to control the rate✓ 正解使用輸注幫浦控制流速
- DAssess the IV site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解評估靜脈通路是否有靜脈炎的跡象
- EMonitor cardiac rhythm during the infusion✓ 正解在輸注期間監測心律
鉀離子具有強烈刺激性與心臟毒性。靜脈給鉀必須稀釋以減少對血管內膜刺激；絕對禁止靜脈推注（IV push）；輸液幫浦能精確控制滴速以防心律不整；鉀離子外滲易導致組織壞死，需頻繁評估注射部位。由於鉀離子對心肌傳導影響大，連續心電圖監測能及時識別心電圖變化。
Potassium is highly irritating and cardiotoxic. Intravenous potassium must be diluted to reduce irritation of the vascular intima; IV push is absolutely contraindicated; an infusion pump precisely controls the drip rate to prevent arrhythmias; extravasation of potassium can readily cause tissue necrosis, so the injection site must be assessed frequently. Because potassium has a substantial effect on cardiac conduction, continuous ECG monitoring allows timely detection of electrocardiographic changes.
台美皆嚴格執行鉀離子給藥規範，美國護理師在給予高濃度鉀離子時，通常要求必須有中心靜脈導管路徑。