護理師照護一位留置導尿管的病人。哪些行動能預防感染？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with an indwelling urinary catheter. Which actions prevent infection? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the drainage bag below the level of the bladder✓ 正解將引流袋保持在低於膀胱的水平
- BEmpty the bag every 24 hours每 24 小時排空一次引流袋
- CClean the catheter and perineal area daily✓ 正解每日清潔導尿管和會陰部
- DKeep the drainage bag off the floor✓ 正解將引流袋放置於地板上
- EDisconnect the catheter to collect a urine sample斷開導尿管以收集尿液樣本
留置導尿管是院內感染（CAUTI）的主要來源，護理重點在於維持封閉系統與防止逆流。物理性屏障與無菌操作是預防感染的關鍵。集尿袋須保持低於膀胱位置以利用重力排出尿液，防止尿液逆流回膀胱造成感染。每日會陰部清潔可減少細菌移生。集尿袋不得接觸地面，以避免地板上的病原體汙染排尿口。臨床上應嚴格遵守無菌操作，除非必要，否則不應中斷管路。
Indwelling urinary catheters are a leading cause of CAUTI. Care focuses on maintaining a closed drainage system and preventing reflux. Physical barriers and aseptic technique are critical. The drainage bag must remain below the bladder so gravity drains urine and prevents reflux. Daily perineal cleansing reduces bacterial colonization. The drainage bag must not touch the floor, which contains pathogens. Clinically, strict aseptic technique should be followed, and the system should not be opened unnecessarily.
台灣醫院常規護理中，會陰部清潔頻率可能因各院感染控制標準不同而異。美國強調『封閉系統』的維護，任何非必要的管路分離在美國臨床稽核中屬於重大缺失。