護理師準備經由鼻胃管給藥，哪項護理措施對降低吸入性肺炎風險至關重要？
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client via a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which nursing action is essential to reduce the risk of aspiration?
- AFlush the tube with 10 mL of sterile water before medication給藥前用 10 mL 無菌水沖洗管路
- BElevate the head of the bed to at least 30 to 45 degrees✓ 正解將床頭抬高至少 30 至 45 度
- CVerify tube placement by measuring the external length透過測量外部長度來確認管路位置
- DAspirate all residual gastric contents before administration給藥前抽吸所有胃殘留內容物
經由鼻胃管（NG tube）給藥時，預防吸入性肺炎（Aspiration）是護理照護的核心目標。重力是防止胃內容物反流至食道及氣管的最有效物理屏障。將床頭抬高 30 至 45 度（High-Fowler's position）可利用重力使胃內容物停留在胃底，降低反流風險。此措施應在給藥前執行，並維持至給藥後至少 30 分鐘。其他選項如確認位置或沖洗管路雖為給藥程序的一部分，但針對預防「吸入性肺炎」這一特定併發症，姿勢控制是最直接且關鍵的預防手段。
When administering medications via a nasogastric (NG) tube, preventing aspiration pneumonia is the core nursing goal. Gravity is the most effective physical barrier to prevent reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus and trachea. Elevating the head of the bed to 30–45 degrees (high-Fowler's position) uses gravity to keep gastric contents at the bottom of the stomach, reducing the risk of reflux. This measure should be implemented before administration and maintained for at least 30 minutes after. Other options such as confirming tube placement or flushing the tube are part of the medication procedure, but for preventing this specific complication—aspiration pneumonia—positioning is the most direct and critical preventive measure.