— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備給予靜脈輸注氯化鉀。下列哪些措施是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
- ADilute the potassium solution adequately✓ 正解充分稀釋氯化鉀溶液
- BAdminister the medication via IV push to ensure accuracy經靜脈推注給藥以確保準確性
- CAssess IV site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解評估靜脈注射部位是否有靜脈炎跡象
- DUse an infusion pump for the administration✓ 正解使用輸液幫浦進行給藥
- EVerify that the client has adequate urine output✓ 正解確認病人有足夠的尿液排出量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀具有強烈刺激性與心臟毒性。靜脈推注（IV push）會導致心跳停止，絕對禁止。必須稀釋並使用輸液幫浦控制速度。給藥前須確認腎功能（尿量正常），以防高血鉀。給藥過程中需密切監測血管穿刺部位，防止藥物外滲導致組織壞死。
Potassium chloride is highly irritating and cardiotoxic. IV push can cause cardiac arrest and is absolutely contraindicated. It must be diluted and given via infusion pump with rate control. Renal function (urine output) should be verified before administration to prevent hyperkalemia. During infusion, the IV site must be closely monitored to prevent extravasation and tissue necrosis.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國，這類高警訊藥物通常有嚴格的給藥核對流程，台灣則常強調需雙人核對才可給藥。