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降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA

護理師照顧一位放置鼻胃管進行減壓的病人,應採取哪些措施?(選所有適合的)

A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube for decompression. Which actions should the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.)

  • AVerify tube placement by measuring gastric pH✓ 正解
    透過測量胃液 pH 值來確認管子位置
  • BIrrigate the tube with 30 mL of sterile water
    以 30 mL 無菌水沖洗管子
  • CPosition the client at a 30 to 45-degree angle✓ 正解
    將病人置於 30 至 45 度角的姿勢
  • DPerform oral hygiene every 2 to 4 hours✓ 正解
    每 2 至 4 小時進行口腔護理
  • EClamp the tube immediately after medication administration✓ 正解
    給藥後立即夾住管子
Explanation · 中文詳解

核心概念:鼻胃管(Nasogastric Tube, NG Tube)減壓護理。 為何正確答案對: A. 每日評估鼻胃管位置是確保其功能與安全的關鍵。測量胃液 pH 值(通常 <4)是確認管子位於胃內的方法之一,可預防誤吸(Aspiration)。 C. 將病人維持在 30-45 度的半坐臥(Semi-Fowler's position)或更高角度,能利用重力防止胃內容物逆流至食道,顯著降低吸入性肺炎的風險。 D. 鼻胃管病人常因口鼻呼吸道乾燥而感到不適,定時(每 2-4 小時)執行口腔護理(Oral hygiene)能保持口腔清潔,預防黏膜破損、感染,並提升病人舒適度。 E. 藥物給予後夾管(Clamping the tube)一段時間(通常 15-30 分鐘),可確保藥物在胃內停留足夠時間被吸收,避免藥物隨引流液一同流失。 為何其他選項錯: B. 沖洗鼻胃管(Irrigate the tube)的目的在於維持管路通暢。雖然使用無菌水(Sterile water)是其中一種選擇,但更常見且實用的做法是使用室溫的生理食鹽水(Normal saline)或溫水,且沖洗的量與時機應依據臨床判斷或醫囑(例如:每次給藥前後、管路阻塞時),不必然是每次都用 30 mL 無菌水。 臨床思路(Safety/Comfort):鼻胃管減壓護理的重點在於預防併發症(吸入性肺炎、鼻腔損傷、管路阻塞)及維持病人舒適度。確保管路位置正確、體位合適、口腔清潔,並正確執行給藥與沖洗程序,是護理師日常工作的核心。

The nurse should verify tube placement by measuring gastric pH to prevent aspiration, position the client at a 30- to 45-degree angle to utilize gravity and further reduce aspiration risk, and perform regular oral hygiene to maintain comfort and prevent infection. Clamping the tube after medication administration ensures the drug remains in the stomach for adequate absorption and prevents reflux. Irrigation is performed to maintain patency but is not the primary safety priority compared to placement verification and positioning.

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