— 降低風險 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位腹部手術後恢復中的病人。下列哪項護理措施對於預防術後肺炎最有效？
A nurse is caring for a postoperative client who is recovering from abdominal surgery. Which intervention is most effective in preventing postoperative pneumonia?
- AEncouraging early ambulation鼓勵早期下床活動
- BAssisting with incentive spirometry✓ 正解協助使用誘發性肺量計
- CAdministering prophylactic antibiotics給予預防性抗生素
- DMaintaining strict intake and output records嚴格記錄出入量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
術後肺炎主要源於肺部擴張不全與分泌物堆積。誘發性肺量計（Incentive spirometry）能鼓勵深呼吸並增加肺活量，是預防術後肺部併發症的金標準護理措施。A 與復健有關，C 預防感染但不直接對肺，D 與液體平衡相關。
Assisting with incentive spirometry is the most effective intervention for preventing postoperative pneumonia by promoting deep breathing and alveolar expansion. This practice helps clear secretions and prevents atelectasis, which are primary causes of postoperative respiratory complications.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆高度重視呼吸訓練，美國護理師常主導肺量計衛教，台灣亦同，惟台灣護理記錄對訓練頻率要求更為細緻。