一位患有第一型糖尿病的病人被處方每天早上皮下注射 10 單位常規胰島素(Regular)與 20 單位 NPH 胰島素。護理師在混合這兩種胰島素時,哪項操作是正確的?
A nurse is caring for a client with a primary diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The client is prescribed 10 units of regular insulin and 20 units of NPH insulin subcutaneously every morning. Which action by the nurse is correct when mixing these insulins?
- ADraw up the NPH insulin into the syringe first.先將 NPH 胰島素抽入針筒。
- BShake the NPH vial vigorously to ensure even distribution.劇烈搖晃 NPH 藥瓶以確保分佈均勻。
- CUse two separate syringes to avoid contamination.使用兩個分開的針筒以避免污染。
- DInject air into the NPH vial, then inject air into the regular vial.✓ 正解先向 NPH 藥瓶注入空氣,再向常規胰島素藥瓶注入空氣。
混合胰島素的正確步驟是護理技術的基本考點。口訣通常為『先清後濁』(Clear before Cloudy)。步驟如下:1. 先在濁的(NPH)瓶內注入空氣。2. 再在清的(Regular)瓶內注入空氣。3. 抽吸清的(Regular)藥液。4. 最後抽吸濁的(NPH)藥液。這是為了防止 NPH 中的蛋白質成分污染到常規胰島素瓶內,進而改變常規胰島素的速效特性。選項 A 錯誤是因為應先抽 Regular。選項 B 錯誤是因為 NPH 應輕輕滾動(Roll)而非劇烈搖晃,以免產生氣泡影響計量。選項 C 雖然可以但非標準混合操作,標準操作是允許同一針筒混合以減少注射次數。
When mixing insulin, the mnemonic is 'clear before cloudy.' Steps: (1) inject air into the NPH (cloudy) vial; (2) inject air into the regular (clear) vial; (3) draw up the regular insulin; (4) draw up the NPH insulin. This prevents NPH protein from contaminating the regular insulin and altering its rapid-acting profile. NPH should be rolled gently, not shaken. Mixing in one syringe is standard to minimize injections.
美國目前已廣泛使用胰島素筆(Insulin Pens),較少需要手動混合;台灣雖然筆型也多,但在住院環境中,護理師手動混合多種胰島素的情況仍常見,必須熟記『先清後濁』原則。