— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人因急性胸痛接受硝酸甘油靜脈輸液。最需監測的評估發現是什麼？
A client is receiving an intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin for acute chest pain. Which assessment finding is most critical to monitor?
- ARespiratory rate呼吸頻率
- BOxygen saturation氧飽和度
- CBlood pressure✓ 正解血壓
- DHeart rate心率
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
硝酸甘油（Nitroglycerin）是一種強效的血管擴張劑，主要透過放鬆平滑肌來擴張冠狀動脈與周邊靜脈，從而降低心臟前負荷（preload）與後負荷（afterload）。由於其強大的血管擴張效果，臨床上最危險的副作用是「低血壓」（hypotension）。若血壓急劇下降，會導致冠狀動脈灌流不足，反而加重缺血性心臟病。因此，在給藥過程中，監測血壓是確保病人安全的首要指標。
Nitroglycerin is a potent vasodilator that reduces cardiac preload and afterload, making hypotension its most significant and dangerous adverse effect. Monitoring blood pressure is critical to ensure adequate coronary perfusion, as a sharp drop in pressure can worsen myocardial ischemia and compromise patient safety.