— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位嚴重腹瀉的病人因體液和電解質補充而入院。最可能發生哪種電解質不平衡？
A client with severe diarrhea is admitted for fluid and electrolyte replacement. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to occur?
- AHypokalemia✓ 正解低血鉀症
- BHypocalcemia低血鈣症
- CHypernatremia高血鈉症
- DHyperkalemia高血鉀症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
嚴重腹瀉（Diarrhea）會導致腸道內大量的電解質和水分隨糞便流失，其中鉀離子（Potassium）主要經由腸道排泄，因此腹瀉病人極易出現低血鉀（Hypokalemia）。低血鉀會影響心肌傳導與肌肉功能，嚴重時可能引發致命性的心律不整（Arrhythmias）。護理重點在於監測心電圖變化及補充鉀離子。
Severe diarrhea causes large amounts of electrolytes and water to be lost from the intestine in the stool. Among these, potassium is primarily excreted through the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore clients with diarrhea are highly prone to hypokalemia. Hypokalemia affects cardiac conduction and muscle function and, in severe cases, can trigger life-threatening arrhythmias. The focus of nursing care is to monitor ECG changes and replace potassium.