護理師照顧一位困難梭狀芽孢桿菌（C. difficile）感染的病人，應執行哪些感染控制措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with Clostridium difficile. Which infection control measures should be implemented? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse an alcohol-based hand sanitizer使用酒精基手部消毒劑
- BImplement contact precautions✓ 正解實施接觸防護措施
- CPerform hand hygiene with soap and water✓ 正解以肥皂和水進行手部衛生
- DWear a mask for all patient interactions在所有病人互動期間佩戴口罩
- EUse dedicated medical equipment✓ 正解使用專屬醫療設備
困難梭狀芽孢桿菌（C. difficile）會產生具抗性的孢子，酒精類乾洗手無法有效破壞孢子外殼，必須透過肥皂與水洗手的機械摩擦力將孢子移除。接觸防護（Contact Precautions）是防止交叉感染的核心，要求使用專用醫療設備。臨床思路應優先考量隔離層級與手部衛生的正確選擇，以防止院內感染擴散。
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) produces resistant spores; alcohol-based hand sanitizer cannot effectively disrupt the spore coats, and washing with soap and water is required to mechanically remove the spores through friction. Contact precautions are the core measure for preventing cross-contamination and require the use of dedicated medical equipment. Clinical reasoning should prioritize the appropriate level of isolation and the correct choice of hand hygiene to prevent the spread of nosocomial infection.
在美國，這類感染的病人通常會安置於單人房或與相同病原體的病人 Cohort 隔離。台灣部分醫院在資源緊繃時執行方式可能略有不同，但 NCLEX 考試中，嚴格遵守 CDC 隔離指引是唯一標準。