病人處於癲癇重積狀態。護理師預期首選哪些藥物以立即控制抽搐？（選所有適合的）
A client is in status epilepticus. Which medications should the nurse anticipate giving first for immediate seizure control? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiazepam✓ 正解Diazepam（地西泮）
- BLorazepam✓ 正解Lorazepam（勞拉西泮）
- CPhenytoinPhenytoin（苯妥英）
- DValproic AcidValproic Acid（丙戊酸）
- EGabapentinGabapentin（加巴噴丁）
癲癇重積狀態（Status epilepticus）定義為持續性或反覆性的抽搐超過 5 分鐘，屬於醫療緊急狀況。首選藥物為苯二氮平類（Benzodiazepines），如 Diazepam 或 Lorazepam，能透過增強 GABA 受體作用快速抑制神經興奮，達到停止抽搐的目的。隨後才給予抗癲癇藥（如 Phenytoin）以維持長期穩定。
Status epilepticus is defined as continuous or repetitive seizure activity lasting longer than 5 minutes and is a medical emergency. The first-line drugs are benzodiazepines such as diazepam or lorazepam, which enhance GABA receptor activity to rapidly suppress neuronal excitability and stop the seizure. Antiepileptic agents such as phenytoin are then given to provide long-term seizure control.
在美國急診與急重症護理中，Lorazepam 通常是第一線靜脈注射首選，Diazepam 則常用於靜脈管道未建立前的直腸給藥。